Guy Fawkes Essay Example For Students

Guy Fawkes Essay Guy FawkesFawkes Guy, was one of the greatest conspiratorin the Gunpowder Plot. Fawkes, pronounced fawks Guy, English conspirator,born in York. A protestant by birth, he became a Roman Catholic after themarriage of his widowed mother to a man of Catholic background and sympathies(Miller578). In 1593 he enlisted in the Spanish Army in Flanders and in 1596 participatedin the capture of the city of Calais by the Spanish in their war with HenryIV of France. He became implicated with Thomas Winter and others in theGunpowder Plot to blow up Parliament as protest against the anti-RomanCatholic laws. This paper will demonstrate the life ofGuy Fawkes. Guy Fawkes was born on 13th April, 1570. Guy Fawkes was theonly son of Edward Fawkes of York and his wife Edith Blake of Cambridge. Followed by Guy Fawkes birth, Edith had given birth to daughter Anne Fawkeson 3rd October 1568, but the infant lived a mere seven weeks, being buriedon 14th November of the same year. Two other sisters were born followedby Anne, another Anne, who later married Henry Kilburns in Scotton on 12thOctober1572, and Elizabeth, who later married William Dickenson also inScotton on 27th May 1594. Edward Fawkes who was advocate of the consistorycourt of the Archbishop of York. On his mothers side, he was descendedfrom the Harrington family who were eminent merchants and Alderman of York. In 1605, Guy Fawkes(also known as Guido),and a group of conspirators attempted to blow up the Houses of Parliamentto kill the King, James I and the entire Parliament. The conspirators wereangered because King James had been exiling Jesuits from England. The plotterswanted to wrest power away from the king and return the country to theCatholic faith. Today, they would be known as extremists. However, in anattempt to protect a friend in the House of Lords, one of the group memberssent an anonymous letter warning his friend to stay away from the parliament. The warning letter reached the king, andthe conspirators were caught, tortured and executed. Guy Fawkes and hisfriends had rolled 36 barrels of gunpowder into the cellar and coveredthem with faggots under the House of parliament(Encyclopedia Americana91). These days Guy Fawkes Day is also known as Bonfire Night. The eventis commemorated every year with fireworks and burning an effigy of GuyFawkes on a bonfire. The effigies are simply known as Guys. Some of theEnglish have been known to wonder whether they are celebrating Fawkesexecution or honoring his attempt to do away with the government. Therewas no doubt an attempt to blow up parliament. But Guy Fawkes and his associatesmay have been caught in a Jacobean sting operation. Many of the plotters were known traitors. It would have been almost impossible for them to get hold of 36 barrelsof gunpowder without the government finding out. As for the secret warningletter, many historians believe it was fabricated by the kings officials. The letter made it easy to explain how the king found out about the plotand stopped it just in time. But the letter was in fact very vague. Itsaid noting about the details of the attack. There are many mysteries aboutthe gunpowder plot that have never been satisfactorily explained(Ashley621). Still, the king and his men knew exactly where and when to catchthe conspirators and stop the plot. Gunpowder plot, conspiracy to kill JamesI, king of England, as well as the Lords and the Commons at the openingof parliament on November 5, 1605(Ashley 620). The plot was formed by agroup of prominent Roman Catholics in retaliation against the oppressiveanti-Catholic laws being applied by James I. The originator of the schemewas Robert Catesby, a country gentleman of Warwickshire. First he tookhis cousin Thomas Winter and his friends Thomas Percy and John Wright intohis confidence, along with Guy Fawkes, a soldier of fortune. They in turndrew other Roman Catholic gentlemen into the plot, among them Sir EverardDigby, John Grant, Ambrose Rokewood, Francis Tresham, Thomas Winters brotherRobert, and John Wrights brother Christopher(Infoplease.com 1). The conspiratorsdiscovered a vault directly beneath the House of Lords. They rented thiscellar and stored in it 36 barrels of gunpowder. .u59e8489551c1ad95383a693ed1c05b71 , .u59e8489551c1ad95383a693ed1c05b71 .postImageUrl , .u59e8489551c1ad95383a693ed1c05b71 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u59e8489551c1ad95383a693ed1c05b71 , .u59e8489551c1ad95383a693ed1c05b71:hover , .u59e8489551c1ad95383a693ed1c05b71:visited , .u59e8489551c1ad95383a693ed1c05b71:active { border:0!important; } .u59e8489551c1ad95383a693ed1c05b71 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u59e8489551c1ad95383a693ed1c05b71 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u59e8489551c1ad95383a693ed1c05b71:active , .u59e8489551c1ad95383a693ed1c05b71:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u59e8489551c1ad95383a693ed1c05b71 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u59e8489551c1ad95383a693ed1c05b71 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u59e8489551c1ad95383a693ed1c05b71 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u59e8489551c1ad95383a693ed1c05b71 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u59e8489551c1ad95383a693ed1c05b71:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u59e8489551c1ad95383a693ed1c05b71 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u59e8489551c1ad95383a693ed1c05b71 .u59e8489551c1ad95383a693ed1c05b71-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u59e8489551c1ad95383a693ed1c05b71:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Life After People Sample EssayIn the final arrangement, Fawkes was toset fire to the gunpowder in the cellar on November 5 and then flee toFlanders(Encarta 2000). Through a letter of warning written by Treshamto a peer, the plot was exposed. Fawkes was arrested early on November5 as she emerged from the cellar. Fuses were found concealed on his person,and in the cellar a lighted lantern and the barrels of gunpowder were discovered. Examined under torture on the rack, Fawkes confessed his own guilt andafter ling obstinacy revealed the names of his associates, nearly all ofwhom were killed on being taken or were hanged along with Fawkes on January31, 1606. The Gunpowder Plot is commemorated annually in the United Kingdomon November 5; on this day it is the custom to burn Guy Fawkes in a raggedeffigy. The slang work guy is derived from these effigies. In 1593 Guy Fawkes enlisted in the Spanisharmy of the Netherlands and became noted for his exceptional courage(Encarta2000). In 1604 he was chosen by Robert Catesby and the other Catholic conspiratorsin the Gunpowder Plot to execute their plan to blow up Parliament whenit assembled to hear James I on Nov. 5, 1605. The day before the gunpowderwas to be detonated, the plot was discovered. Fawkes was taken into custodyand later executed in 1606(World Book 99). November 5 was made a day of thanksgiving,and it is still celebrated in England as Guy Fawkes Day. Every year since1605, every town and village in Great Britain lights bonfires, lets offfireworks, burns and effigy of him and celebrates the fact the Parliamentand James I were not blown sky high by Guy Fawkes(Miller 579).

Reasons to Provide a Sample Wharton Essay

Reasons to Provide a Sample Wharton EssayThe idea of providing sample essays is the main aim of a Sample Wharton Essay. It allows you to use them as you would use your own essay for school, for business presentations and in your resume. While you may be tempted to simply copy the guidelines found on the official website, I am going to outline my thoughts on this.The thought process that goes into creating standard essays has been overlooked. You have come to the right place if you want to know why a sample Wharton Essay is essential for your academic career. Your career decisions will impact how well you do in school and in life. If you choose to remain unaware of the importance of sample Wharton Essays, you could end up with a lot of regrets that are harder to take back than a bad grade.Sample Wharton Essays isn't just being presented because of their convenience. If you are intending to study at the University of Pennsylvania, a sample essay is an essential tool to help you when it comes to writing your own essay. Most people aren't too good at composing their own essays and you may find yourself at a loss. Using a sample makes things a lot easier. There are lots of guidelines, examples and strategies that will help you ensure that you have a successful essay.A sample essay is used as a guide to demonstrate what is to be expected. So if you choose to avoid writing a sample Wharton Essay, chances are you will get an essay that is a little too easy for you. I know how challenging it can be to write something difficult. This won't be a surprise to you. When you look at sample essays, you will find that they are often written by the students themselves, so they have been tasked with writing a sample for every subject.Even if you are going to use your original essay, it would still be best to check with a professional first. They will help you determine whether you will need to use your own sample or that of another writer. After all, this article isn't about you and your career, it's about you and your academic and personal life.To conclude, a sample essay is more than just something that is easy to write. It will also show you exactly what you need to do and how to do it.If you are interested in having a better understanding of the concept of a sample essay, take the time to check out the other content on the site. If you really want to understand how to construct your own master essay, this is the best way to go about it.

A View From The Bridge Letter Essays - Albums, Fall, Free Essays

A View From The Bridge Letter Essays - Albums, Fall, Free Essays A View From The Bridge Letter 201 Jabroni Drive, Moulnani Blvd. , Italy My dearest Maria, I miss you every second of every day and every day of every week. Sometimes I ask myself How can I live without your love and affection? You cant imagine how lonely I sometimes feel without you beside me. I miss you deeply and I am sure you do the same. America is many thousands of miles away from Italy but my heart is less than a pin away from yours I am deeply concerned about the health of Julius. I pray day and night for his health and I hope that the money I sent would help him. I expect a lot of him because he is the oldest and it might seem like that I am pressuring him a lot but tell him that I love him. On the other hand tell our other three babies to keep on smiling because America is really the land of opportunity. I love all of you, and tell them that I would sacrifice everything for your pleasure, even if it meant not to set sight on them for some years. Please tell me in your next letter how everyone is doing? Maria, you know very well that I had to come to this alien land. I would never want to leave you alone with the children but if we want to raise this family and make sure they survive in this world, I had to take the risk and leave for America. I want my children to go to school and eat the pastas and foods that Ive never even seen; I want them to have a youth, which I never had. Maria, so please bare the pain with me, we must live apart for a few years. I will surely return to you but it will probably take about seven to eight years before you see my aching face again. I cant even wait for a minute to see your beautiful face. Remember I miss you all and I cannot wait to hear from you in your next letter. We have now been cleared into America for sure and the fear of getting caught has died out. We live in peace and we work almost every hour of the day or at least it seems like it. Our cousin Beatrice helped us a lot and her husband Eddie made us most welcome at his own house. They seem to be a very kind family and I fell that they are doing to best for us. They also have a niece who they treat as their own daughter and her name is Catherine, she is very beautiful and intelligent. She is only 18 years old and she is full of youth! Everyone has helped Rudolpho and I a lot; they cook, dine and provide somewhere to sleep everyday for us and I am deeply thankful to them. They are not extremely rich but they are middle classed and they seem to be very traditional and Eddie is very dominant in the family. I have a feeling that Eddie has a short temper and that we might trigger this anger by accident. On the other hand, Beatrice seems to be a nice-hearted and kind woman. The funny thing is that in Italy, there is not a job in sight, but here in America; we got a job the day after we arrived in America. We basically work at the dock where we load and unload heavy cargo of many different things. The pay here is much better than the pay in Italy and we earn almost twice or thrice as much as we did in Italy. I love the working environment here and the work isnt that hard. I promise you that every cent I get, I will send to you and I will first think about the family and then my stomach but Im sure cousin Beatrice will help us until we get on our feet. Rudolpho has also found a lot of friends around in America. He has become extremely popular amongst the guys because of his sense of humor and his talents. He gives the men at work something to

“The Collector of Treasures” by Bessie Head Essay Research Paper Example

â€Å"The Collector of Treasures† by Bessie Head Essay Research Paper Example â€Å"The Collector of Treasures† by Bessie Head Essay Paper â€Å"The Collector of Treasures† by Bessie Head Essay Paper Bessie Head was born and reared in from South Africa. She is the writer of â€Å"The Collector of Treasures. † Many points that she depicted in her narrative were about the oppressive attitudes some work forces had about adult females and kids and how society outcast certain adult females based upon what happened in their lives or upon what they could or could non make. In this narrative. â€Å"The Collector of Treasures. † Dikeledi. a strong and resilient characteris married to a adult male named Garesego who is a womaniser. Garesego believed that everything had to be about sex. He did non take attention of his duties as a adult male. Head described him as the type of adult male who had sex with adult females like Canis familiariss. out of canal lecherousness. Out of the four old ages that they were together. Garesego got Dikeledi pregnant 3 times and left her. He did non go forth and travel to another small town. he stayed in the same small town and did non take attention of the boies he helped convey in the universe. On the contrary. Paul is wholly different from Garesego. Paul is portrayed as the adult male who cares about his adult female and treats her like a individual. He is at that place for his married woman. Kenalepe. and their kids. Sing Paul dainty his married woman like a individual was something new for Dikeledi and seeing that type of action from a adult male to his married woman led Dikeledi to seek to speak to Garesego. Garesego is your typical male. so when Dikeledi asked him for money to take attention of their kids. he expected sex in return. Dikeledi had another program in head. Her mentality in this scenario was that Garesego phallus is the lone thing that makes him different from her and he used to command adult females. Therefore. when she castrated him. non merely did she kill him. she made him her equal. Garesego was a adult male who did non hold any regard for adult females. He used them as sex objects and threw them off when he was done. In Dikeledi’s experience. he used her one excessively many times. Without his phallus. Dikeledi felt he could non ache anyone any longer. particularly her. She had watched him handle her wronglongenough every bit good as other adult females. Dikeledi felt that without his phallus. Garesego and she would be on the same degree. This narrative is entitled. â€Å"A Collector of Treasures† and Dikeledi was decidedly a aggregator of hoarded wealths. Even though throughout the full narrative. she had nil but grief after grief and bad things done to her. nevertheless. she did non allow that impact who she was destined to be. Dikeledi was non the ordinary lady. she was stronger than the mean adult female and cognize how to make everything the mean adult female and adult male could. That is one thing she treasured. Dikeledi besides treasured the fact that she could make what she needed to make to do certain her and her household was taken attention of. Dikeledi treasured the fact that she was a strong. independent adult female. Dikeledi’s name meant â€Å"Tears. † Throughout the full narrative. Dikeledi neer shed a tear whether it was felicity or unhappiness. She valued her strong willed head and her finding to make the incredible. Due to the fact that she was a strong adult female likely meant that she caused person else tears. but non herself. There are some dry points in this narrative. One is that the protagonist’s name was Dikeledi and you pronounce the beginning of her name as â€Å"Dick† which is a slang name for phallus. Besides. the writer of this narrative name is Bessie Head and Dikeledi had a good â€Å"head† on her shoulder. Dikeledi was a aggregator of many hoarded wealths and she added her husband’s phallus to the aggregation. Throughout Dikeledi’s difficult life. she has looked beneath the surface and collected little hoarded wealths. and these gave her the strength to travel on.

Waste Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Waste Management - Case Study Example Commercial areas include shops, offices, markets and open areas within the vicinity of the district that the municipality serves. The construction and demolition debris, as well as hazardous wastes, are usually not categorized under municipal solid waste (MSW), but under special circumstances they may be added to the MSW category. Municipal solid waste can be divided into four major categories that are Residential, Commercial and Institutional, Open areas and Treatment plant sites. Residential waste includes wastes generated from households that primarily comprise food wastes. The commercial and industrial wastes which are generated by offices, markets, hotels, restaurants, schools and medical facilities mainly consist of rubbish and food wastes. Open areas include parks, streets and beaches etc. Lastly, treatment plant sites includes sewage, drainage and water treatment processes. MSW is usually referred to as solid waste that the authorities of the city take responsibility of manag ing and disposing in one way or the other. In our case, the 30 gallon garbage on the sidewalk contains office trash and human waste deposits to be qualified as municipal solid waste, so, the contents of the receptacle are definitely solid waste. 3. ... 2) Waste containers should not be filled with water or any other liquid. 3) The authorities need to make sure that only solid waste is put in these containers. 4) Another important handling consideration is to make sure that wastes from different sources are not mixed as it can cause chemical reactions which, therefore, makes recycling and disposal difficult. 5) The vehicles used for the transportation and collection of waste should be covered to avoid exposure to public and scattering of waste. 6) Later on the waste should be categorized into two categories: recyclable and non-recyclable material. Since the waste primarily consists of office trash, it must have considerable amount of paper, bottles and newspaper etc. Waste is recyclable, if it is sent to be processed, while non-recyclable waste should be disposed of either through an incineration or a landfill. 4. How do you respond to the customer and what do you do next?   I will calm him down by silently listening to him for a while and showing him that his problems matter to me. After a while, I will politely accept our fault and personally apologize to him. Moreover, I will assure him that his compliant has been filed and registered by the respective authorities and that we will take care of the receptacle immediately. After finishing the call, I will check for any waste collection team nearby that area; if any team is available, I will order them to take care of the specific receptacle; otherwise I will dispatch an available waste collection team immediately to take care of the receptacle before its condition gets worse. CASE 2 1. Is it permissible to disturb the clay cap without a permit?   The appropriate District office must be consulted before any construction activity is conducted over an

Fast Food, are we taking it too far by blaming fast food restaurants Research Paper

Fast Food, are we taking it too far by blaming fast food restaurants for obesity - Research Paper Example Opponents of the fast food industry tend to compare fast food to cigarettes, saying that smoking one cigarette pack a day is not more harmful for health than eating three big macs a day. â€Å"The concept of â€Å"Big Food† litigation [was] crafted along the line of â€Å"Big Tobacco† litigation†. Cigarettes and fast food deteriorate health in their own respective ways, and there is nothing untrue about it. However, cigarettes are a means of consumption of smoke whereas food is fundamentally a source of nutrition, no matter how fatty that may be. Overeating can always cause obesity, whether or not fast food is consumed. If three big macs are to be equalized to one pack of cigarettes, this is no reason to sue the fast food companies because they never ask their customers to consume three big macs in a single day. It is up to the customers what they eat and how much they eat. Cigarettes are totally the pollutants for lungs whereas fast food is also rich in proteins and carbohydrates in addition to fats. If any food that contains fat and carbohydrate is to be blamed for obesity, health conscious people should resort to taking protein tablets and eat nothing, because anything they would eat would have some proportion of fat and carbohydrates in their contents. After all, it is the nature’s decision, and is so because fats and carbohydrates are necessary for health, though if consumers can not keep themselves from overeating, it is they who should be sued instead of the fast food companies.... any food that contains fat and carbohydrate is to be blamed for obesity, health conscious people should resort to taking protein tablets and eat nothing, because anything they would eat would have some proportion of fat and carbohydrates in their contents. After all, it is the nature’s decision, and is so because fats and carbohydrates are necessary for health, though if consumers can not keep themselves from overeating, it is they who should be sued instead of the fast food companies. Robert Sweet, the US District Judge rightly said, â€Å"If consumers know (or reasonably should know) the potential ill health effects of eating at McDonald's, they cannot blame McDonald's if they, nonetheless, choose to satiate their appetite with a surfeit of supersized McDonald's products† (Sweet cited in Collins). In order to get to the root cause of the problem, it is useful to find out what has stimulated fast food companies to sell food rich in fat. Fat happens to be the most typic al source of taste in any kind of food. Take a piece of bread and eat it, it won’t taste good enough. Application of a spoonful of butter or cheese on it would enhance its taste manifolds. Even in homes, people frequently make use of dairy products rich in fat content like cottage cheese, butter, cream and milk. In fact, there are many obese people who do not at all go to the fast food restaurants. Many people are genetically obese. Two children, who are brought up in similar circumstances, are of same age and consume same food can not be expected to have the same body mass index. One might be very skinny and the other might be obese. It is the way an individual’s body reacts to the food consumed that makes a difference. Many people remain on diet 24/7 and are yet obese. Yet there are others who

Health and Safety Regulation in Hospitality Industry

Health and Safety Regulation in Hospitality Industry POLICY DEVELOPMENT IN THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY Question 1: In the context of the CDM Regulations and the refurbishment of a floor of bedrooms in a multi storey hotel, critically outline the purpose and content of the Health and Safety Plan and Health and Safety File. Discuss the relationship between the two components and how the Health and Safety File will be of benefit to contractors in the future. Critically assess the merits of the Building Regulations application process and construction technique utilised for Mcdonalds modular drive through restaurants. The following will evaluate the best way of refurbishing a floor of bedrooms in a multi storey hotel so that the renovated building complies with all relevant health and safety legislation and regulations. The requirement to meet all the relevant health and safety legislation and standards means that the designers and the builders of renovations are as legally responsible as the hotel owners for all breeches of those requirements. Failure to meet regulatory standards could leave the constructors liable for civil prosecution or prone to litigation by the hotel owners, the hotel staff besides the hotel guests. Prosecution or litigation that could take years after the original renovation was actually completed (Youell, 2003 p. 99). The best way to develop a renovation plan that will receive planning permission from the appropriate local authority is to know exactly which health and safety regulations the proposed renovation needs to fully comply with. If the hotel is exempt from any of the health and safety regulations or the hotel owners believe that it is exempt from those standards it is always best to double check. Besides ignorance of the law is not an excuse for breaking it, and it will not protect contractors from legal action been taken against them. Of more immediate concern for contractors tasked with renovations a failure to abide to all building or health and safety regulations could result in the refusal of planning permission. After all it will only cause delays if the renovation plans are refused planning permission or if such breeches of the health and safety standards are missed at that stage and leave the design firm as well as the hotel owners liable to prosecution or litigation. Renovation w ork that does not reach the required health and safety standards might not be good enough to last over the long-term without the need to be repaired or eventually replaced due to its low quality (Youell, 2003 p. 99). Therefore to ensure that the renovation proposals receive planning permission and are legally sound a Health and Safety Plan as well as a Health and Safety File are necessarily developed and maintained to safeguard the building contractors and the hotel owners from both accidents and legal proceedings. The purpose of the health and safety plan is to ensure that the hotel will be fully compliant with the health and safety regulations that it is required to meet so as to function legally as a hotel. To make a fully functioning health and safety plan not only needs a strong knowledge of relevant regulations; it also requires the blueprints or plans for the hotel itself. An understanding of the hotel’s layout is essential with regard to making the health and safety plan practical and well designed. The objective of the health and safety plan is to make sure all the safety measures within the hotel are clearly accessible thus allowing both hotel staff and all hotel guests to remain safe in any emergency situation. The content of the health and safety plan would include the design layout and the exact location of fire fighting equipment, first exits, fire alarms, and any available first aid facilities. The plan should also include where hotel employees and guests meet, should the hotel have to be evacuated, especially in the event of a fire taking hold of the premises. Consideration should also be given to the fitting of smoke alarms, fire alarms, and sprinkler systems (Youell, 2003 p. 99). Besides considering fire safety procedures, and first aid measures the health and safety plan should include measures to maintain hygiene standards in the kitchens, toilets, dining areas, and the guest bedrooms. Good hygiene standards are needed to ensure that the hotel remains clean, tidy, and free of dirt, allowing the hotel staff and all guests to avoid food poisoning or infection. The plan needs take into account the location of the kitchens, rubbish bins, and toilets in relation to the bedrooms used by guests. Poor hygiene standards and food poisoning could prove to be very bad for the future of the hotel, as it may bring it to the attention of environmental health officers that have the power to close it down until the hotel meets the minimum required regulatory standards (Bloomsbury, 2005 p.124). Another factor for maintaining the good hygiene of the hotel is the straightforward one of guests not wishing to return to dirty and unclean accommodation (Bloomsbury, 2005 p. 155). The purpose of the Health And Safety File is to record how the hotel complies with all relevant regulations before, during, and after the proposed renovations. The file is meant to ensure that the hotel sticks to the measures it set out in the Health and Safety Plan. The file should record the health and safety performance of the hotel with regard to the maintenance of equipment, facilities, as well as all the procedures that enhance safety standards or good hygiene. The Health and Safety File should also keep a note of all the training that the staff at the hotel is given in respect of maintaining and implementing safety measures and all hygiene standards. The hotel staff should ideally be given training to use fire fighting equipment when it is safe to do so, to provide first aid when needed, and carry out practice fire safety drills. When necessary staff will need to be given extra training should they not perform their duties to a high enough level to comply with the standards se t out in regulations. The Health and Safety File should also ensure that all hotel guests have access to information about the location of fire safety equipment, first aid facilities, and the assembly point in case of the hotel being evacuated (Youell, 2003 p. 99). There should be a strong relationship between the Health and Safety Plan and the Health and Safety File. The two items should compliment each other, as together they provide the means to plan and implement safety and hygiene standards at the hotel. The Health and Safety Plan sets out how the safety and hygiene standards will be achieved, whilst the Health and Safety File is intended to record what is actually happening at the hotel in terms of complying with regulations. The Health and Safety File by itself could be very useful to any contractors that need to carry out any building or renovation work at the hotel, as a means of checking the record of the hotel in meeting regulatory requirements. Contractors would be able to consult the Health and Safety File if they have any queries regarding the equipment, facilities, as well as the safety and hygiene procedures used by the staff at the hotel. If the Health and Safety File has been kept up to date consulting it will allow the contra ctors to know whether or not the hotel has been adhering to the regulations it is legally supposed to do at all times. Knowing if the hotel is not complying with regulation would give the contractor the opportunity to suggest building alterations or changes in safety and hygiene procedures that if implemented mean the hotel does comply with all relevant regulations (Bloomsbury, 2005 p. 155). There are ways of ensuring that a company only has to pay minimal attention to completing Health and Safety Plans and Files without breaking the regulations or ignoring the spirit of the law. The fast food company MacDonalds has probably devised the best way of minimising the planning permission required whilst adhering to the statutory safety and hygiene standards set out in regulations and legislation. As a company MacDonalds has made its fortune and its reputation by the mass standardisation of its restaurants, equipment, staff training, marketing image, and finally but by no means least its food products. People know what they are going to get when they go into a MacDonalds anywhere in the world, and more of them like it than dislike it (www.LHC.ORG.UK). MacDonalds believe that the standardisation process is definitely a successful strategy when it comes down to gaining rapid planning permission and complying with safety and hygiene standards. Planning authorities will be made aw are by the company that their restaurants are pr-designed to pass safety and hygiene standards, whilst all new staff will be fully trained to make sure that standards are always adhered to (Mason, 2005 p.44). The senior management are well aware of the benefits of standardisation, if one design passes safety and hygiene standards it is adopting that design for all its restaurants as that makes financial, marketing, and practical sense to do so (www.LHC.ORG.UK). MacDonalds have developed modular drive through restaurants as a method of constructing new outlets quickly at the same time as passing the Building Regulations application process. As a company MacDonalds has always set out to have all its ordinary and drive through restaurants designed to look exactly the same as each other as well as also having the same features and equipment. For MacDonalds having restaurants that look the same everywhere they are constructed has been a highly successful branding strategy and exercise that has allowed the firm to expand impressively across the globe. To be more precise it is a global franchise which, has expanded due to its high profits and relatively low capital costs (Mason, 2005 p. 44). However the merits of using modular designs go beyond marketing ploys and serve pragmatic purposes. When MacDonalds set out to design its modular drive through restaurants it certainly took the Building Regulation application process into account. The modular drive through restaurant was designed to meet safety and hygiene standards in as many countries as possible, so that they could be constructed in as many places as the company would like. The low cost of construction when combined with the ease of gaining planning at the same time as being able to pass all safety and hygiene standards makes buying into the MacDonalds franchise a good investment. The prefabricated structures have the advantage of not requiring a high degree of planning permission than buildings wholly constructed on site (www.LHC.ORG.UK). MacDonalds have found that with experience that prefabricated designs that already fully meet planning requirements and regulations will undoubtedly gain full building permission quickly wherever the proposed restaurant is located. The rapid gaining of building permission allows MacDonalds to have all its new drive through restaurants trading sooner rather than later. The new drive through restaurants thus quickly re-coup their modest construction costs and go into profit. Profits are not only made quickly; they are also made over a long-term basis as well. The use of prefabricated designs and materials therefore allows MacDonalds to expand its total number of restaurants at a much lower capital cost than many of its competitors. The beauty of the modular drive through restaurant design is that it is cheap and durable, yet it could also be quickly modified if it needed to be (Mason, 2005 p. 44). The modular design allows for standardised equipment to be fitted, equipment that could b e easily updated modified or completely replaced should building regulations alter, or if the company purchases improved equipment. The modular design is meant to be really simple to construct, maintain and keep clean. The simplicity of the kitchen areas is intended to make it easier to train staff to cook and prepare food as well as cleaning areas to maintain hygiene standards. The training of staff does not take long as all processes and procedures, as well as equipment and food is standardised. The simplicity of the whole operation means that food is prepared, cooked, and served faster (Bloomsbury, 2005 p. 117). Simplicity and standardisation keep costs low, product prices highly competitive, and the company’s profits high. Providing that all staff are trained and keep to the procedures they are taught the company should always be able to maintain safety and hygiene standards whilst never having to wait long for planning permission (www.LHC.ORG.UK). Question 2: Explain how the analysis of a local authority Development Plan can help the senior management team of a national hotel chain identify a suitable site for a new budget hotel in a particular locality? The majority of local authorities in Britain will have development plans to control where and whether new businesses or retail units would be constructed within the areas they control the planning for. Local authorities make up Development Plans as a means of generating wealth, creating jobs and regenerating run down districts and would wish to include such firms within their Development Plan. Development Plan would include the precise locations of where the new offices, hotels, and retail units would be sited. The Development Plan provides further useful information for the senior management to consider besides the proposed or the approved locations of other companies. For instance, every Development Plan should give the location of roads, motorways, railways, and rivers near or within the locality controlled by the local authority concerned. Other information that could be relevant to the locating of the new budget hotel could include local tourist attractions or places that would make hotels less attractive for potential guests, like waste ground, factories, or prisons. If the new budget hotel could be located near the most attractive features of the town or city it is a bonus in terms of marketing the hotel before it opens and expanding the number guests once it has opened. If the company has to locate the hotel in a less attractive site the company could consider pulling out of its construction or consider different ways of marketing it if it is actually built. The company would however wish to avoid being located in areas where it could not guarantee the safety of their guests and their staff, as more would have to be spent on security measures such as fencing or patrolled car parks. The company could find it useful to contact local people and possibly the Police to find out which parts of the town or city they need to avoid when picking the locality of their new budget hotel. Local authorities will make the Development Plan available for the public and b usinesses to examine which allows any firms that wish to open premises within the area to apply for a place within that plan. For the Senior Management of a budget hotel chain that would want to open a new hotel inside a particular locality being able to analyse the local authority’s Development Plan would offer definite advantages when it comes to making the new budget hotel a long-term success (www.LHC.ORG.UK). The exact location of any new budget hotel could make all the difference between it being a successful part of the firm or it being a loss making failure. From a study of the Development Plan the Senior Management should be aware of the alternative sites available for the location of the proposed new hotel, as well as the placing of other new businesses within the development area. Senior Management should have a strong knowledge of the best places and the worst places to locate new budget hotels when it comes down to maximising the number of guests that stay there. Analysing the Development Plan would make Senior Management fully aware of the local authority intentions of which firms to allocate land to, for the construction of their new outlets, offices, or hotels. The most prestigious firms will want to locate in the most prime positions possible to fit in with their corporate image, whilst a low budget hotel firm might not need to do the same. A low budget hotel does not have to obtain a prestigious land site, it does however have to be based if at all possible on land that is near to town or city centres, and ideally is easily accessible for as many potential guests as possible. The senior management would find it useful to locate the new budget hotel near the main roads, the railway, close to local businesses, and preferably with free secure car parking spaces available. Such a location would be a good selling point to business travellers and tourists a like. If they could gain an accurate analysis of the Development Plan then it increases the chances of securing a good locality for the new budget hotel (www.LHC.ORG.UK). The hotel company could benefit from examining the Development Plan as it would allow them to know if they could use prefabricated designs that permit the construction to be finished earlier and thus earning revenue sooner. If the hotel chain already uses prefabricated designs and construction techniques then it will them greater flexibility when it comes down to the precise locality of the new budget hotel. Flexibility that stems from the savings in construction costs being able to provide a bit of leeway if the price of being in a better location is higher than first anticipated. A sound understanding of the development plan would enable senior management to have the locality and the rapid construction of the new budget hotel finalised as soon as possible. Such an understanding would thus grant the company more time to advertise the opening of the new hotel at an early stage to maximise the number of guests upon its opening. The evaluation of the Development Plan would also give se nior management a precise idea of the number of hotels within the town or city that are already built and those hotels that are planned. Knowledge of the hotels within the district gives senior management invaluable information when it comes down to the marketing, and pricing strategy for the new budget hotel which could make all the difference between success and failure. Knowing the nature, location, as well as the strengths and the weaknesses of all its rivals within the locality could certainly prove very beneficial to the senior management in selling the merits of the new budget hotel in relation to its competitors. Senior management could also take advantage of the company’s brand name and its reputation. Marketing for the new budget hotel should emphasis that the locality will soon be able to benefit from the arrival of a low cost hotel that happens to provide high quality service (www.LHC.ORG.UK). Bibliography Bloomsbury Reference, (2005) Dictionary of Leisure, Travel, and Tourism – 3rd edition, Bloomsbury, London Mason P (2005) Tourism Impacts, Planning and Management, Elsvier, London www.LHC.ORG.UK Youell R, (2003) Complete A-Z Travel Leisure Handbook – 2nd edition, Hodder Stoughton, London